{"id":1207,"date":"2025-06-09T12:41:19","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T04:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.db-hk.com\/?p=1207"},"modified":"2025-06-09T12:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T04:41:19","slug":"vitalik%e6%96%b0%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%a5%e5%a4%aa%e5%9d%8a%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5the-verge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/?p=1207","title":{"rendered":"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7279\u522b\u611f\u8c22 Justin Drake\u3001Hsia-wei Wanp\u3001Guillaume Ballet\u3001Icinacio\u3001Rosh Rudolf\u3001Lev Soukhanoy Ryan Sean Adams \u548c Uma Roy \u7684\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u5ba1\u9605\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u5373\u4f7f 9596 \u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\uff08PoW\u3001PoS\uff09\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u7acb\u5373\u540c\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u4ea7\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u94fe\u3002\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u9634\u8c0b\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u9020\u5e01\u8005\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6c47\u805a\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u7ee7\u7eed\u9075\u5faa\u65e7\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u65e2\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9020\u52bf\u8005\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u9020\u52bf\u8005\u4e0d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5219\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u7c7b\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\uff09\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5374\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002The Verge \u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5f97\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u624b\u673a\u94b1\u5305\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u94b1\u5305\u751a\u81f3\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u8868\u90fd\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671748416-833905.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671748416-833905.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The Verge 2023 \u8def\u7ebf\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u300cVerge\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230 Verkle \u6811\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u7d27\u51d1\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u5176\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d\u3001\u5408\u7ea6\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4&#8230;&#8230;\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u82b1\u8d39\u51e0\u767e KB \u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51e0\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u989d\u5916\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0cVerge \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94fe\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d44\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 SNARK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9 SNARK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6574\u6761\u94fe\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e Verkle \u6811\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u6280\u672f\u6709\u5173\u3002Verkle \u6811\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76ee\u524d\u7684 KECCAK Merkle Patricia \u6811\u4e2d\u7684 Verkle \u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u5f97\u518d\u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u6811\u3002Merkle \u6811\u7684\u81ea\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 Merkle \u5206\u652f\u7684 STARK\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5165\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u6280\u672f\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230 Starkware \u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 ckcle&nbsp;STARKs \u6bcf\u79d2\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86 170 \u4e07\u4e2a Poseidon \u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e GKB \u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u300c\u4f20\u7edf\u300d\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u7f29\u77ed\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u300cVerge\u300d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Verge\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u548c\u6807\u8bb0\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u51e0 GB\u3002<\/li>\n<li>( \u957f\u671f\uff09\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u8868\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\uff08\u5171\u8bc6\u548c\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1 SNARK\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\uff1aVerkle \u8fd8\u662f STARKs<\/li>\n<li>EVM \u6267\u884c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e<\/li>\n<li>\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1aVerkle \u8fd8\u662f STARKs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u767e\u5343\u5146\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u91cf\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u7ea6 30GB\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671735168-526552.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671735168-526552.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u72b6\u6001\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u786c\u76d8\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u7535\u8111\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u5343\u5146\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u7ed9\u9996\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6469\u64e6\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u6216\u6570\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u5347\u7ea7\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5347\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u65e7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e76\u4f20\u8f93\u5bc6\u94a5\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1\u6574\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u90fd\u9644\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a(i) \u8be5\u533a\u5757\u5c06\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u4f59\u989d\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\uff1b (ii) \u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684 Merkle Patricia \u6811\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u4efb\u4f55\u52a0\u5bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u300dMerblk \u5206\u679d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u300c\u5305\u88c5\u300d\u6210 STARK \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u6e90\u4e8e MPT \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u516d\u53c9\u6811\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6709 16 \u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a N \u7684\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u5e73\u5747\u9700\u8981 32*(16-1)*log16(N) = 120*&nbsp;log2(N) \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728 2^32 \u9879\u7684\u6811\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6\u9700\u8981 3840 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981 32*(2-1)*log2(N) = 32*&nbsp;log2(N) \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u7ea6 1024 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u4ee3\u7801\u672a\u88ab Merkle \u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u8d26\u6237\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u4e3a 24000 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671723898-252267.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671723898-252267.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>30000000&nbsp;gas \/ 2400 ( \u51b7\u8d26\u6237\u9605\u8bfb\u6210\u672c ) * \uff085 * 488 + 24000) = 330000000 \u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u652f\u6210\u672c\u7565\u6709\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u7528 5*480 \u4ee3\u66ff 8*480\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5206\u652f\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u9876\u7aef\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9699\u5185\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528 STARK \u6765\u5c01\u88c5\u5b83\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a(i) KECCAK \u5bf9 STARK \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff1b(ii) 330MB \u7684\u6570\u636e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9 KECCAK round \u51fd\u6570\u7684 500 \u4e07\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u786c\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u786c\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba9 STARK \u8bc1\u660e KECCAK \u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4ee3\u66ff\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684 Merkle \u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5927\u81f4\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210 30000000\/2400*32*(32-14+8) = 10400000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0814 \u662f\u5bf9 2^14 \u5206\u652f\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c 8 \u5219\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8 gas \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u6536\u8d39\uff1bEIP-4762&nbsp;\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u300210.4 MB \u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9699\u5185\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u662f\u592a\u591a\u4e86 \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u9886\u5148\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1aVerkle \u6811\u548c STARKed \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u54c8\u5e0c\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verkle \u6811<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Verkle \u6811\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u77e2\u91cf\u627f\u8bfa\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6811\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u53ea\u6709 32 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8bc1\u660e\u6811\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9650\u5236\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\u6811\u8fc7\u5bbd \uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a 256\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671701379-692474.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671701379-692474.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d8\u4e3a 32&nbsp;&#8211; 1og256(N)&nbsp;=&nbsp;4*&nbsp;log2(N) \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u5c0f\u5927\u81f4\u4e3a 30000000&nbsp;\/ 2400&nbsp;*32*&nbsp;(32&nbsp;-14&nbsp;+ 8) \/ 8&nbsp;= 130000 \u5b57\u8282\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u5757\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c \u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u300d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u66f4\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6545\u610f\u300c\u6316\u6398\u300d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u652f\u957f\u5ea6\u518d\u5ef6\u957f 2 \u500d\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cVerkle \u6811\u7684\u6700\u574f\u8bc1\u660e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2.6MB\uff0c\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u505a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u8bbf\u95ee\u300c\u76f8\u90bb\u300d\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u69fd\u3002EIP &#8211; 4762&nbsp;\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u90bb\u63a5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u90bb\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ea\u6536\u53d6 200 gas \u8d39\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u5c0f\u53d8\u4e3a 30000000 \/ 200*32 &#8211; 4800800 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u5927\u81f4\u5728\u516c\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u5fae\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u90bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>STARKed \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u54c8\u5e0c\u6811<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\uff1a\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u505a\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927 10.4 MB \u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u540e\u7528\u8bc1\u660e\u7684 STARK \u4ee3\u66ff\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6765\u81ea\u5b9e\u9645 STARK \u7684 100-300kB \u56fa\u5b9a\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a 10.4 MB \u7684\u533a\u5757\u610f\u5473\u7740 330000 \u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u300c\u6316\u6398\u300d\u5730\u5740\u6811\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u957f\u516c\u5171\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6 660000 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6bcf\u79d2\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 200,000\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528&nbsp;Poseidon \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u7c7b\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u800c Poseidon \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a STARK \u53cb\u597d\u6027\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cPoseidon \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u9053\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5feb\u901f\u5bf9 Poseidon \u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8db3\u591f\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728 L1 \u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u7f72<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u300c\u4fdd\u5b88\u300d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982 SHA256 \u6216 BLAKE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0cStarkware \u7684 STARK \u5708\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u6587\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u7c7b\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bc1\u660e 10-30k \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cSTARK \u6280\u672f\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e GKR \u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230 100-2O0k \u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9664\u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u5916\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u4f7f\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7528\u4f8b\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff1a\u5f53\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u5e7f\u64ad\u65f6\uff0cP2P \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e4b\u524d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u68c0\u67e5\u4f59\u989d\u662f\u5426\u5145\u8db3\u548c\u524d\u7f00\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u8d26\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5982 EIP-7701\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b EVM \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4ea4\u6613\u9700\u8981\u9644\u5e26\u8bc1\u660e\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5305\u542b\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff09\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5f3a\u5236\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u5305\u542b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff09\u533a\u5757\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u524a\u5f31\u6709\u6743\u52bf\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5305\u542b\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8f7b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u94b1\u5305\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\uff08\u5982 Metamask\u3001Rainbow\u3001Rabby \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u8f7b\u578b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u5982 Helios).Helios \u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a RPC\u00a0\u8c03\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8c03\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cSTARK \u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6700\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 Merkle \u5206\u652f\u3002Merkle \u5206\u652f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u533a\u5757 B \u4e3a\u6839\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61 X \u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u533a\u5757 B2 \u53ca\u5176\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ee5\u533a\u5757 B2 \u4e3a\u6839\u3002Verkle \u8bc1\u660e\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u751f\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verkle trees<\/li>\n<li>John Kuszmaul \u5173\u4e8e Verkle tree \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8bba\u6587<\/li>\n<li>Starkware<\/li>\n<li>Poseidon2 paper<\/li>\n<li>Ajtai ( \u57fa\u4e8e\u6676\u683c\u786c\u5ea6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u5feb\u901f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 )<\/li>\n<li>Verkle.info<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5173\u4e8e EIP-4762 \u540e\u679c\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5206\u6790\uff08\u65e0\u72b6\u6001 gas \u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5316\uff09<\/p>\n<p>2.\u5b8c\u6210\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u6e21\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u73af\u5883\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n<p>3.\u5bf9 Poseidon\u3001Ajtai \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u300cSTARK-friendly\u300d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>4.\u4e3a\u300c\u4fdd\u5b88\u300d\uff08\u6216\u300c\u4f20\u7edf\u300d\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u8d85\u9ad8\u6548 STARK \u534f\u8bae\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e Binius \u6216 GKR \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a(i) Verkle \u6811\uff0c(ii) STARK \u53cb\u597d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca (iii) \u4fdd\u5b88\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u5927\u81f4\u5f52\u7eb3\u5728\u4e0b\u8868\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729673103645-287323.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729673103645-287323.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300c\u6807\u9898\u6570\u5b57\u300d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u4eca\uff0cVerkle \u6811\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u719f\u3002\u9664\u4e86 Verkle \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u8fdf\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5206\u53c9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u6790\u6216\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u65e9\u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528 Verkle \u6811\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5168\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Verkle \u6811\u5177\u6709\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u66f4\u65b0\u5c5e\u6027\u2014\u2014Verkle \u6811\u89c1\u8bc1\u662f\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9 mempool\u3001\u5305\u542b\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Verkle \u6811\u66f4\u96be\u8fdb\u884c SNARK \u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u628a\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u76f4\u51cf\u5c0f\u5230\u51e0\u5343\u5b57\u8282\uff0cVerkle \u8bc1\u660e\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Verkle \u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf 256 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b 256 \u4f4d\u7684 Verkle \u8bc1\u660e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u5408\u7406\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97 Verkle \u89c1\u8bc1\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e lattice \u7684 Merkle \u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u591f\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u8fd9\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a\u4e3a (i) calldata\uff1b(ii) \u8ba1\u7b97\uff1b(iii) \u72b6\u6001\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5355\u72ec\u7684 gas \u9650\u5236\u3002\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u591a\u7ef4 gas\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5206\u652f\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece 12500 \u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4f8b\u5982 3000\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f BLAKE3 \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\uff08\u52c9\u5f3a\uff09\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671641227-836971.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671641227-836971.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u5141\u8bb8\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u8ba1\u7b97\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u9699\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u6574\u6574 12 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u72b6\u6001\u6839\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709 60000 \u54c8\u5e0c\u6570\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u518d\u6b21\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a BLAKE3 \u53ea\u80fd\u52c9\u5f3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9699\u7684\u8f7b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u6709\u66f4\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4ec5\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u751f\u6210\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d \u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u4e0e\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u95ee\u9898\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5355\u4eba\u5b9a\u70b9\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u5355\u4eba\u5b9a\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5982 Orbit SSF \u6216\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u5c0f\u961f\u5b9a\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u5165 EOF\uff0c\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u5206\u6790\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u4f20\u9012\u7236\u8c03\u7528\u5168\u90e8 gas \u7684\u5b50\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c EOF \u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b50\u8c03\u7528\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff08\u548c\u672c\u673a\u5e10\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\u5c06\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206 gas \u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5185\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd1 1TB \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u500d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u89e3\u9664\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u5b58\u50a8\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f EIP-4444\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 torrents \u6216\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9 Portal Network \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>EVM \u6267\u884c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u957f\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u5f88\u660e\u786e\u2014\u2014\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\uff1a(i) \u4e0b\u8f7d\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u4e0b\u8f7d\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff1b(ii) \u9a8c\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u94b1\u5305\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\uff08i\uff09\u5171\u8bc6\u5c42\uff08\u5373\u80a1\u6743\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\u548c\uff08ii\uff09\u6267\u884c\u5c42\uff08\u5373 EVM\uff09\u8fdb\u884c SNARK \u6216 STARK \u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u524d\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u5171\u8bc6\u5c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u69fd\u7ec8\u5c40\u6027\uff09\u3002\u540e\u8005\u9700\u8981 EVM \u6267\u884c\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\uff0cEVM \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u72b6\u6001 S\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757 B\uff0c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u72b6\u6001 S&#8217; =&nbsp;STF(S\uff0cB)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8f7b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u62e5\u6709 S \u548c S&#8217;\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 E\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6839 R\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u72b6\u6001\u6839 R&#8217;\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c H\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u516c\u5171\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6839 R, \u540e\u72b6\u6001\u6839 R&#8217; , \u5757\u54c8\u5e0c H<\/li>\n<li>\u79c1\u4eba\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5757\u4e3b\u4f53 B\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5757 Q \u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5757 Q&#8217;\u540e\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u5982 Merkle \u5206\u652f\uff09P<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u5f20 1\uff1aP \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e Q \u5305\u542b R \u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u5f20 2\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728 Q \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c STF\uff0c(i) \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u8bbf\u95ee Q \u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c(ii) \u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c(iii) \u7ed3\u679c\u662f Q&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u5f20 3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5229\u7528 Q&#8217; \u548c P \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6839\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 R&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a EVM \u6267\u884c\u7684\u8f7b\u578b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u4f4e\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5171\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e EVM \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab L2 \u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u800c\u8981\u4f7f EVM \u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5728 L1 \u4e2d\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EFPSE ZK-EVM\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u505c\u7528\uff09<\/li>\n<li>Zeth\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5c06 EVM \u7f16\u8bd1\u5230 RISC-0 ZK-VM \u4e2d<\/li>\n<li>ZK-EVM \u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9879\u76ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u8bb0\u8d26\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1 SNARK \u786e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86 EVM \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u662f\u591a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u591a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982 Lean4\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u5e95\u5c42 EVM \u89c4\u8303\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 EVM K \u8bed\u4e49\u6216\u7528 python \u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6267\u884c\u5c42\u89c4\u8303 (EELS)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u5230 4 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8fd8\u5f88\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6bd4\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u63a5\u8fd1\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u2014\u2014\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5feb\u7684 EVM \u6821\u9a8c\u5668\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u5728 15 \u79d2\u5185\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6570\u767e\u4e2a GPU \u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6c47\u603b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5728 O(log(N)) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bc1\u660e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684 EVM \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a GPU \u5b8c\u6210\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u540e\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u805a\u5408\u6811\u300d\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671618354-368428.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671618354-368428.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5206\u5272\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6309\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff08EVM \u6216 RISC-V \u7b49\u5e95\u5c42\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u300c\u5185\u5b58\u300d\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9012\u5f52\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5316 &#8212; \u65b0\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982 Orion\u3001Binius\u3001GRK \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u5927\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>EVM gas \u6210\u672c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014EVM \u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u963b\u585e\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u5341\u5206\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u80fd\u5728 4 \u79d2\u5185\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u6240\u9700\u7684 EVM \u66f4\u6539\u53ef\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>gas \u6210\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u3002EIP-7667 \u662f\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a EIP\uff1a\u5b83\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u548c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e9b gas \u6210\u672c\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684 EVM \u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u5747\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u66ff\u6362\u2014\u2014\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u5bf9 STARK \u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4e8b\u52a1\u5217\u8868\u3001\u6536\u636e\u6811\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Etan Kissling \u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u6536\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u79fb\u81f3 SSZ \u7684 EIP \u5c31\u662f\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u591a\u7ef4 gas \u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u72b6\u6001\u6839\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 ZK-EVM \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u5c11\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 GPU\u3001FPGA \u548c ASIC \u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u751f\u6210\u8bc1\u660e\u3002Fabric Cryptography\u3001Cysic \u548c Accseal \u662f\u4e09\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9 L2 \u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a L1 \u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5f3a\u70c8\u5e0c\u671b L1 \u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5408\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u9650\u5236\u3002L2 \u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8bc1\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u300d\uff08\u5982\u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5316\u96c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7f29\u77ed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4e0e\u8bc1\u660e\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u9700\u8981\u5c31\u6240\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u300c\u89c4\u683c\u300d\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u9ad8\u7aef\u6d88\u8d39\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u80fd\u5728 4 \u79d2\u5185\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u5417\uff1f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u6253\u7834\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u5f25\u8865\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u91cd\u5199\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u4e0e\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0 L1 EVM \u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5171\u4eab\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L2 \u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u5373\u300cZK rollup\u300d\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u300cSTARK \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u54c8\u5e0c\u8bc1\u660e\u300d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728 L1 \u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u5355\u4eba\u8d28\u62bc\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u624b \u673a\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u8868\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u8d28\u62bc\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5355\u4eba\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9650\u5236\uff08\u5982 32ETH \u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u989d\uff09\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cL1 \u7684 EVM \u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8 L1 \u7684 gas \u9650\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u7528 SNARK \u5b8c\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 EVM \u7684\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u53d6\u6b3e\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4f59\u989d\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u8bc6\u6bd4 EVM \u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709 L2&nbsp;EVM \u5377\u79ef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u300c\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u300d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u6807\u94fe\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570,\u5c31\u50cf EVM \u4e00\u6837\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ECADD\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u5bf9\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\uff09<\/li>\n<li>SHA256 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8bc1\u660e 1-16 \u4e2a BLS12-381 ECADD\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b7e\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u96c6\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5f25\u8865\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a BLS12-381 ECADD\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u6709 30000 \u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5355\u65f6\u9699\u7ec8\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u300c\u86ee\u529b\u300d\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u9699\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5230 100 \u4e07\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528 Orbit SSF\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 32768 \u4e2a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 8192 \u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671569079-95691.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"j-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/themes\/justnews\/themer\/assets\/images\/lazy.png\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.web3sj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1729671569079-95691.webp\" alt=\"Vitalik\u65b0\u6587\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765The Verge\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>BLS \u805a\u5408\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u603b\u7b7e\u540d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a ECADD\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ECMUL\u3002\u4f46\u662f 30000 \u4e2a ECADD \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u914d\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u6700\u591a\u6709 128 \u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1 128 \u4e2a\u914d\u5bf9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 ElP-7549 \u548c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5230 16 \u4e2a\u3002\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u6216\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4 ECADD \u957f\u6570\u5343\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u660e BLS12-381 \u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f2\u7ebf\u9636\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e BLS12-381 \u5b57\u6bb5\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 Verkle \u6811\u662f\u7528 Bandersnatch \u66f2\u7ebf\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 BLS12-381 \u672c\u8eab\u6210\u4e3a SNARK \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e Verkle \u5206\u652f\u7684\u81ea\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e 100 G1 \u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff1b\u8981\u4f7f\u8bc1\u660e\u901f\u5ea6\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u50cf GKR \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e SHA256 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7eaa\u5143\u8f6c\u6362\u5757\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u77ed\u5e73\u8861\u6811\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u5e73\u8861\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u7684\u77ed\u5e73\u8861\u6811\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709 1 MB \u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d6\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e 32768 \u6b21 SHA256 \u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u4f59\u989d\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6216\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f59\u989d\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a Merkle \u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e07\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u6d17\u724c\u673a\u5236\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668 90 \u6bd4\u7279\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981 11 MB \u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5143\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u5355\u69fd\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u589e\u51cf\u3002\u6d17\u724c\u53d8\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 Orbit \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u662f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec5\u8bfb\u53d6\u516c\u94a5\u5c31\u9700\u8981 4800 \u4e07\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a Merkle \u5206\u652f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5143\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e PoS \u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u8981\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4fe1\u6807\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8f6c\u5411\u5355\u69fd\u7ec8\u7ed3\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5b8c\u6574\u300d\u7684 SHA256 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u4e8e\u586b\u5145\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e24\u6b21\u5e95\u5c42\u538b\u7f29\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6539\u7528 SHA256 \u538b\u7f29\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97 2 \u500d\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6539\u7528 Poseidon\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97 100 \u500d\u7684\u589e\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u65b9\u9762\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2 170 \u4e07\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0854MB\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u6761\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u300c\u8bfb\u53d6\u300d\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f Orbit\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u6d17\u724c\u540e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08\u5982 8192 \u6216 32768 \u4e2a\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u63d2\u69fd\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5165\u5f7c\u6b64\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ea\u9700\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u8bfb\u5165\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u8861\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b7e\u540d\u805a\u5408\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7b7e\u540d\u805a\u5408\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u67d0\u79cd\u9012\u5f52\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7b7e\u540d\u5b50\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u5c06\u8bc1\u660e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u62c5\u7ed9\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u300c\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e Lamport+ Merkle \u7b7e\u540d \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981 256 + 32 \u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\uff1b\u4e58\u4ee5 32768 \u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230 9437184 \u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Poseidon\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u5185\u5c31\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u805a\u5408\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5171\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u4ec5\u9650\u540c\u6b65\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u6d01 SP1 \u5185\u7684 Helios<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u660e BLS12-381 \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e Halo2 \u7684 BLS \u96c6\u5408\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u820d\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u69fd\u7ec8\u5c40\u6027\u3001Orbit\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\u9700\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u50cf Poseidon 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